Technical note：

Redox Shuttles for L ithium lon Batteries

1.Provides a long term intrinsic overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries.

2.Maintains the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries.

3.Highly-soluble in conventional non-aqueous, carbonate based electrolytes.

4. Increases battery long-term stability and oxidation potential .

Electrochemical Properties:

1. ANL -RS2 (abbreviated DBBB) redox shuttle, compared to other dimethoxybenzene based shuttles,

has demonstrated improved solubility in carbonate- based electrolytes.

2.DBBB displays a reversible redox potential at 3.9 v. ^[1]In comparison to a variety of quinoxaline-based species, DBBB exhibits a reversible single electron transfer at 4 V vS. Li/Lit. Quinoxaline and its derivatives demonstrate two redox events between

2.4-3 V vs. Li/Li*. ^[2]

3. DBBB enriched electrolyte demonstrated effective protection against overcharge abuse in

18650 format L iFePO4 based lithium ion batteries. ^[3]

4. Due to excellent solubility in carbonate-based electrolytes and improved electrolyte conductivity, DBBB is com patible with modern battery technologies. 4-5

References:

1.Energy Environ. Sci., 2012, 5, 8204.

Adv.

2.Energy Mater., 2012, 2, 1390.

3.J. Power Sources, 2014, 247, 1011

4.J. Electrochem. Soc., 2014, 161, A1905.

5.J. Electrochem. Soc. 2016, 163, A1.