高功率器件新元素：纳米材料的实际应用
时间: 2025-01-16
作者: 百灵威
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高功率电子器件是电子技术核心，可处理高电压、大电流，实现电能转换与控制。包括 IGBT、功率 MOSFET、碳化硅和氮化镓器件、晶闸管等，性能指标涉及耐压、电流承载等，广泛应用于电力、工业、交通、新能源领域。
在高功率电子器件中，纳米材料在以下几大关键领域发挥重要作用：
一、电学性能提升：
1、电极
碳纳米管具有出色的电子输运特性，用于电极可实现高开关速度、低导通电阻，像在碳纳米管场效应晶体管中表现卓越；纳米银凭借超强导电导热性，应用于 IGBT、高功率 LED 等器件电极连接，有效延长器件寿命。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Zinc oxide, 99.99%, trace metals basis 氧化锌 | 1314-13-2 | 955126 |
| Zinc oxide nanopowder, 99.5%, particle size: 10 - 30 nm, SSA: ≥110 m²/g 纳米氧化锌 | 1314-13-2 | 987552 |
| Nano zinc oxide aqueous solution, 20 mg/mL, ZnO particle size: 4 - 10 nm 纳米氧化锌水溶液 | 1314-13-2 | 900389 |
| Zinc oxide paste, 30wt.% solution in ethylene glycol/MeOH(1:1), ZnO particle size: 4-10 nm 氧化锌浆料 | 1314-13-2 | 961949 |
| SnO2 Nanoparticles, 6-10nm, 5% in H2O colloidal dispersion, prime grade 优级纳米二氧化锡 | 18282-10-5 | 911321 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 3 - 6 nm, 2.5% organic solvent dispersion 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 926676 |
| Tin(IV) oxide, 99.5%, 30 - 80 nm 二氧化锡(IV) | 18282-10-5 | 139476 |
| Aluminum oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, alpha, particle size: <100 nm, SSA: 15 - 20 m2/g 纳米氧化铝 | 1344-28-1 | 961601 |
| Magnesium oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, particle size: <60 nm, SSA: 40 m2/g 纳米氧化镁 | 1309-48-4 | 961354 |
| Manganese dioxide nanopowder, 99.9%, particle size: <80 nm 纳米二氧化锰 | 1313-13-9 | 909230新 |
| Nickel oxide, 99%, particle size: 4-8nm, 2.5wt.% in n-hexanol colloidal dispersion 氧化镍 | / | 113317 |
| Hafnium(IV) oxide, 99.9%, metal basis, Zr ≤0.5% 氧化铪(IV) 氧化铪(IV) | 12055-23-1 | 424125 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, anatase, particle size: 10 - 25 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 931313 |
| Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres, diam:600-2500 nm,SSA:80-157 m2/g,pore size: 4.0-12 nm,pore volume:0.2-0.56 cm3/g 介孔二氧化钛亚微米球 | / | 2748683 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99%, particle size: 20 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 945209 |
| Zirconium(IV) oxide, 99%, particle size <0.045 mm 氧化锆(IV) | 1314-23-4 | 993529 |
| Silver nanowires, 97%, 10 mg/mL dispersion in ethanol, diam.: 27 - 33 nm, length: 20 - 30 μm 银纳米线 | 7440-22-4 | 900441 |
| Silver nanowires, diam.: <50 nm, length: >10 μm 银纳米线 | 7440-22-4 | 926783 |
| Silver nanoparticles modified with PEG, 0.1 mg/mL in ultrapure water, d=100±5nm, surface group: —PEG—COOH PEG化银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229101 |
| Silver nanoparticles modified with PEG, 0.1 mg/mL in ultrapure water, d=100±5nm, surface group: —PEG—NH2 PEG化银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229089 |
| Oil soluble silver nanoparticles, 0.1 mg/mL; Solvent: Xylene; Particle size: 100 ± 5 nm; Surface functional groups: aromatic hydrocarbons 油溶性银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229077 |
| Oil soluble silver nanoparticles, 0.1 mg/mL in in xylenes, d=10±2nm, surface group: arene 油溶性银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229067 |
| Copper nanowires, 10 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 40 - 230 nm, length: 10 - 30 μm 铜纳米线 | 7440-50-8 | 910447 |
| Copper nanowires, 98%, 10 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 100 - 200 nm, length: 0.8 - 6 μm 铜纳米线 | 7440-50-8 | 940441 |
| Copper nanopowder, 99.9%, particle size: 40 - 70 nm, SSA: 12.01 m2/g 纳米铜 | 7440-50-8 | 931579 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 60%, outer diam.:1-2 nm, length: 1-3 um 碳纳米管, 单壁式, , 羧酸官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 901688 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 1 - 3 μm 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 977980 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 90%, reagent grade, outer diam.: 10 - 20 nm, length: ＜30 μm 碳纳米管, 多壁式, 羧基官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 937005 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 95%, reagent grade, inner diam.: 3 - 5 nm, outer diam.: 8 - 15 nm, length: 50 μm 碳纳米管, 多壁式, 羧酸官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 954310 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 5 - 30 μm, SSA: 1075 m2/g 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 998429 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 953031 |
| Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: ＜3 氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 934143 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Reduced graphene oxide, ≥98 wt% 还原型氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 940986 |
| Nitrogen doped graphene, 98%, SSA: 100 - 300 m2/g, layers：≤3 氮掺杂石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 900324 |
| 氮掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫,气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm 氮掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫,气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm | 7440-44-0 | 102817 |
| 硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度：10mg/ml 溶剂：水 硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度：10mg/ml 溶剂：水 | 7440-44-0 | 103877 |
| 硼掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫、气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm 硼掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫、气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm | 7440-44-0 | 103015 |
2、开关
氮化镓纳米线带隙宽、击穿电场强，能大幅提升耐压能力与开关效率，常用于射频功率放大器、高速开关电源等高频开关器件；碳纳米管独特电学性质使其可充当分子开关，制成的功率开关在高频电源、电动汽车等诸多领域广泛应用。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| 氮化镓纳米颗粒 粒径：0.5-3μm 氮化镓纳米颗粒 粒径：0.5-3μm | 25617-97-4 | 103818 |
| Boron nitride, 99.5%, trace metal basis, ≤45 μm 氮化硼 | 10043-11-5 | 976156 |
| 氮化碳乙醇-水分散液 浓度：0.1mg/mL 溶剂：乙醇-水混合液 氮化碳乙醇-水分散液 浓度：0.1mg/mL 溶剂：乙醇-水混合液 | 7440-44-0 | 102043 |
| 氮化碳水分散液 浓度：0.18mg/ml 溶剂：水 氮化碳水分散液 浓度：0.18mg/ml 溶剂：水 | 7440-44-0 | 102093 |
| 氮化钛 氮化钛 | 25583-20-4 | 595063 |
| Silicon nitride, 97%, reagent grade, nano-ceramic powders 氮化硅 | 12033-89-5 | 9073442 |
| Silicon nitride, 99.9%, α-phase, 1 - 3 um 氮化硅 | 12033-89-5 | 966138 |
| Titanium nitride, 99.5%, metal basis, grain size: 1 - 3 μm 氮化钛 | 25583-20-4 | 202536 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 60%, outer diam.:1-2 nm, length: 1-3 um 碳纳米管, 单壁式, , 羧酸官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 901688 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 1 - 3 μm 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 977980 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 90%, reagent grade, outer diam.: 10 - 20 nm, length: ＜30 μm 碳纳米管, 多壁式, 羧基官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 937005 |
| Carbon nanotubes, multi-walled, carboxylic acid functionalized, 95%, reagent grade, inner diam.: 3 - 5 nm, outer diam.: 8 - 15 nm, length: 50 μm 碳纳米管, 多壁式, 羧酸官能化 | 308068-56-6 | 954310 |
| Carbon nanotubes, single-walled, 95%, reagent grade, diam.: <2 nm, length: 5 - 30 μm, SSA: 1075 m2/g 碳纳米管, 单壁式 | 308068-56-6 | 998429 |
二、热管理：
石墨烯导热系数极高，其基复合材料制成的散热器能快速将热量导出，同时提供电磁屏蔽功能，保障电子器件稳定可靠运行，是散热管理的核心材料。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 1 - 3 nm, layers: <3, size: >50 μm 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 953031 |
| Graphene oxide, 99%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 1.2 nm, diam.: 0.5 - 3 μm, layers: ＜3 氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 934143 |
| Graphene, 98%, reagent grade, thickness: 0.55 - 3.74 nm, diam.: 0.5-3μm, layers: <10 石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 966627 |
| Reduced graphene oxide, ≥98 wt% 还原型氧化石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 940986 |
| Nitrogen doped graphene, 98%, SSA: 100 - 300 m2/g, layers：≤3 氮掺杂石墨烯 | 1034343-98-0 | 900324 |
| 氮掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫,气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm 氮掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫,气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2.5cm | 7440-44-0 | 102817 |
| 硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度：10mg/ml 溶剂：水 硼掺杂石墨烯量子点溶液 浓度：10mg/ml 溶剂：水 | 7440-44-0 | 103877 |
| 硼掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫、气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm 硼掺杂石墨烯海绵（泡沫、气凝胶） 尺寸:直径~1cm 高~2cm | 7440-44-0 | 103015 |
三、材料保障：
1、绝缘层：纳米陶瓷薄膜如 TiO₂薄膜，作为高介电常数电容的绝缘层，既能提升存储电容，又确保器件在高电压下正常工作。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Hafnium(IV) oxide, 99.9%, metal basis, Zr ≤0.5% 氧化铪(IV) 氧化铪(IV) | 12055-23-1 | 424125 |
| Barium titanate, 99% 钛酸钡 | 12047-27-7 | 93-5640 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99.9%, anatase, particle size: 10 - 25 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 931313 |
| Mesoporous TiO2 microspheres, diam:600-2500 nm,SSA:80-157 m2/g,pore size: 4.0-12 nm,pore volume:0.2-0.56 cm3/g 介孔二氧化钛亚微米球 | / | 2748683 |
| Titanium(IV) oxide nanopowder, 99%, particle size: 20 nm, SSA: 30 m²/g 纳米二氧化钛(IV) | 13463-67-7 | 945209 |
| Zirconium(IV) oxide, 99%, particle size <0.045 mm 氧化锆(IV) | 1314-23-4 | 993529 |
| Zirconium(IV) oxide, 99.9%, trace metal basis, 200 nm 氧化锆(IV) | 1314-23-4 | 919448 |
| Silicon nitride, 97%, reagent grade, nano-ceramic powders 氮化硅 | 12033-89-5 | 9073442 |
2、半导体：碳化硅纳米线具备高禁带宽度、高热导率等优势，是制造高频、大功率、耐高温、抗辐射半导体器件的理想选择，常用于蓝光发光二极管等光电器件制造。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Titanium carbonitride, 99%, trace metal basis, 1 - 2 μm 碳氮化钛 | 12654-86-3 | 591723 |
| Titanium carbide, 97%, reagent grade, nano-ceramic powders 碳化钛 | 12070-08-5 | 9073444 |
| Vanadium(IV) carbide, 99.9%, ≤3 μm, metal basis 碳化钒(IV) | 12070-10-9 | 402541 |
| Titanium carbonitride, 99%, trace metal basis, 1 - 2 μm 碳氮化钛 | 12654-86-3 | 591723 |
| Silicon carbide, 97%, reagent grade, nano-ceramic powders 碳化硅 | 409-21-2 | 915860 |
3、封装互连：纳米银膏能实现低温烧结，满足第三代半导体功率模块封装互连需求，尤其适用于 GAN 芯片等对导电导热性能要求高的封装；金属纳米线（如银、金、铜纳米线）用于构建低电阻互连线，提升数据传输效率，半导体纳米线（如硅、锗、氮化镓纳米线）助力晶体管等器件纵向集成，两者共同保障器件间高效互连。
| 品名 | CAS | 货号 |
|---|---|---|
| Silver nanowires, 97%, 10 mg/mL dispersion in ethanol, diam.: 27 - 33 nm, length: 20 - 30 μm 银纳米线 | 7440-22-4 | 900441 |
| Silver nanowires, diam.: <50 nm, length: >10 μm 银纳米线 | 7440-22-4 | 926783 |
| Silver nanoparticles modified with PEG, 0.1 mg/mL in ultrapure water, d=100±5nm, surface group: —PEG—COOH PEG化银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229101 |
| Silver nanoparticles modified with PEG, 0.1 mg/mL in ultrapure water, d=100±5nm, surface group: —PEG—NH2 PEG化银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229089 |
| Oil soluble silver nanoparticles, 0.1 mg/mL; Solvent: Xylene; Particle size: 100 ± 5 nm; Surface functional groups: aromatic hydrocarbons 油溶性银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229077 |
| Oil soluble silver nanoparticles, 0.1 mg/mL in in xylenes, d=10±2nm, surface group: arene 油溶性银纳米颗粒 | / | 9229067 |
| Copper nanowires, 10 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 40 - 230 nm, length: 10 - 30 μm 铜纳米线 | 7440-50-8 | 910447 |
| Copper nanowires, 98%, 10 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 100 - 200 nm, length: 0.8 - 6 μm 铜纳米线 | 7440-50-8 | 940441 |
| Copper nanopowder, 99.9%, particle size: 40 - 70 nm, SSA: 12.01 m2/g 纳米铜 | 7440-50-8 | 931579 |
| 氮化镓纳米颗粒 粒径：0.5-3μm 氮化镓纳米颗粒 粒径：0.5-3μm | 25617-97-4 | 103818 |
| Silicon, 99.9%, <5 μm 硅 | 7440-21-3 | 910676 危化品 |
| Germanium, 99.999%, metal basis, 100 mesh 锗 | 7440-56-4 | 405267 |
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